The Climate Change bill was signed into law by the President Buhari in November 2021 in order to provide Nigeria with a legal framework for the country to achieve its climate goals, achieve long-term social and economic sustainability, and resilience. This includes the President's commitment made at the COP 26 in Glasgow of achieving net zero by 2060 . According to media and scholar reports, the Act contains clauses mandating and organising inter-ministerial action in order to streamline climate-related matters. It further applies to all public and private entities across the country.

Notable clauses of the Act are as follows:
- it mandates the government to set a National Climate Change Action Plan and a five-year carbon budget (with quantified annual objectives) accordingly. Both of these are to be validated by the Federal Executive Council. The first carbon budget should be approved by November 2022.
- it creates the National Council on Climate Change and defines its members and attributions. The Council is in charge of implementing the National Climate Change Action Plan. The institution will be responsible for managing the newly-instituted Climate Change Fund. The Fund will be provisioned according to debates in Parliament, and enable the running of the Council itself as well as subventions. The Council will work with the environment ministry to organise climate action globally and for each economic sector. It will also work on identifying and implementing priority adaptation actions.