The United Mexican States (Mexico) has a bicameral legislature (Congress) made up of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Lower Chamber is formed by 300 members elected in a system of electoral districts, and 200 members elected through a system of regional lists for a three-year term. The Senate has 128 senators, two of whom are elected and one assigned for each of the 31 states and the Federal District for a six-year term. The last elections for the Senate as well as the Chamber of Deputies occurred on July 1st, 2018.
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Mexico
Federative (32 federal entities, which are 31 states and its capital Mexico City)
Political Groups
G20, OECD, EIG
World Bank Income Group
Upper middle income
Global Climate Risk Index
61.83
The annually published Global Climate Risk Index analyses to what extent countries have been affected by the impacts of weather-related loss events (storms, floods, heat waves etc.).
Published by German Watch https://www.germanwatch.org/en/criShare of Global Emissions
1.45%
Legislation
10
Laws, Acts, Constitutions (legislative branch)
Policies
12
Policies, strategies, decrees, action plans (from executive branch)
Litigation
Coming soon
Court cases and tribunal proceedings
Targets
18
Climate targets in National Law & Policy
Latest Documents
, 2022
PRODESEN sets out the annual plan of the national electricity system for the next fifteen years. It also specifies the national energy policy in the context of electricity, and in accordance with the National Development Plan 2019-2024. PRODESEN consists of nine Chapters and two Annexes:Overview;Legal framework;Energy transition in Mexico (including a section on how c...
, 2020
This document was identified in the country's revised NDC, but the full text is not available.
, 2020
The agreement that creates the Institutional Program of the National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change 2020-2024 states that it will be mandatory for all administrative units of said parastatal entity, within the scope of their respective competencies, and will be reviewed annually to introduce the modifications that circumstances impose on it.
, 2020
This Program is derived from the National Development Plan 2019-2024. It is a planning document aiming firstly aiming at reaching energy security and national sovereignty. Goal 1 of the program is to achieve and maintain sustainable energy self-sufficiency to satisfy the energy demand of the population with national production. Goal 3 is to organise the scientific, te...
, 2020
This document contains the objectives, strategies and specific actions that will guide the efforts of the Secretariat for the Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) and its sector organisations during the current administration. One of its objectives is to strengthen climate action in order to move towards a low-carbon economy and a resilient population, ecosystems, ...
Targets (18)
Request to download all target data (.csv)- By 2030, Mexico will reduce its total GHG emissions by 22% and will reduce its Black Carbon emissions by 51% compared with a 2000 baselineEconomy-wide: Economy Wide | Target year: 2030Source: General Law on Climate Change
- Reducing emissions by 30% by the year 2020 and 50% reduction in emissions by 2050, against a 2000 baselineEconomy-wide: Economy Wide | Target year: 2050Source: General Law on Climate Change
- 30% cut in GHG emission against baseline by 2020 and 50% cut in GHG emission compared to 2000 in 2050Economy-wide: Economy Wide | Target year: 2050Source: National Climate Change Strategy
- Updated NDC in 2022: Raised to 35% (unconditional) reduction in GHG by 2030, compared to BAU scenario; 40% (conditional) reduction in GHG by 2030 compared to BAU scenario. 51% (unconditional) reduction in black carbon by 2030 compared to BAU scenario; 70% (conditional) reduction in black carbon by 2030 compared to BAU scenario. 25% (unconditional) reduction in GHG and Short Lived Climate Pollutants emissions for the year 2030 compared to BAU scenario, equivalent to 22% reduction in GHG and 51% reduction in Black Carbon Economy-wide: Economy Wide | Target year: 2030
- Reduction of GHG emissions by 30% by 2020, and by 50% by 2050 against a 2000 baselineEconomy-wide | Target year: 2050Source: General Law on Climate Change
Legislative Process
The Constitution establishes that the President and members of the Congress can introduce a bill in Congress. In accordance with Art. 71 of the Constitution, citizens also have the ability to introduce bills if they can gather at least 0.13% of the electorate. In practice, most bills are initiated by the executive branch. With a few exceptions, the legislative process requires the discussion and approval of a draft bill by both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Senate addresses all matters concerning foreign policy, approves international agree¬ments and confirms presidential appointments. The Chamber of Deputies addresses all matters pertaining to the government’s budget and public expenditures.
If passed in both Chambers, a bill becomes law once it has received presidential approval and been published in the official gazette. If not sanctioned, the bill is sent back to one of the chambers with suggested amendments, re-launching the legislative process for the adoption of that law.